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It is very important G.K for any Kind of Competitive Exams.
THE WORLD POPULATION & IT’S GROWTH IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES:
Population is a very important factor in the
socio-economic development of any country or region of the world. Explaining the history of the world's
population, it can be seen that the population of most of the countries of the
world is increasing except for a few countries like Norway, Sweden, Canada, U.S.A
and so on. Especially in developing
countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the population is increasing at a
geometric rate, resulting in various famines, epidemics, food shortages and
other services.
When there is a balance between the
population of a country and the amount of natural resources of that country, it
is called desirable population or optimum population. In the case of this desirable population,
full development of human resources takes place and the total production and
per capita production of that country is the highest i.e. desirable population
is the level of an ideal population.
On the other hand, for various
reasons, if the population of a country is much more than the resources, it is
called population excess or over population and if the population is less than
the resources, it is called population shortage or under-population.
A review of population history
shows that from the Lower Stone Age to the Middle Stone Age people lived in
Africa, Europe and Russia. During this
time, densely populated areas developed around the river basins of Southeast
Asia, resulting in a growing population of rural agriculture in Southeast Asia. In addition to Southeast Asia, the lower
reaches of the Nile, in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and in
southern North America are densely populated.
The Mohenjodaro Harappan civilizations ,in the Huangho Basin of China in
Southeast Asia were also more populated at that time.
According to experts, about 2,000 years ago,
the total population of the earth was about 13 million. It was found that the total population of all
the countries of the world was around 55 crores in1650, mainly for the
development of agriculture and industry, which reached around 250 crores in
1950. Later, along with agriculture and
industry, trade, commerce and medicine continued to improve and the death rate
continued to decline, bringing the world's population to around 600 billion in
2000, and to more than 700 billion in 2021.
Population growth in developed
countries of the world is around 7% per annum while in developing countries it
is around 14%. These developing
countries are mostly located in Southeast Asia, Africa and South America.
Now we will learn about the main
reasons for population growth in developing countries. The reasons for the
increase in population of developing countries like India, Bangladesh and
Pakistan are discussed below.
Higher birth rate:
The population is growing
rapidly due to this additional birth rate of around 30 people per thousand in
developing countries.
Declining mortality:
As the death rate decreases, the
population naturally grows faster.
Currently, the mortality rate has come down a lot due to the advancement
of medical science and the increase of improved services in cities. The death rate per thousand is close to 9
people. The population is growing at a
mathematical rate mainly because of the excessive reduction in mortality and
the increase in the birth rate.
Marriage
at a young age:
In developing countries, socio-economic fears
are largely centered around rural agrarian economies. It has been observed that despite the impact
of higher education in urban areas, in developing countries, young teenage are
married off at an early age in this social system, thus contributing to rapid
population growth in developing countries like India.
An abundance of young people:
Most of the developing countries
in the world have the highest number of men and women aged 15 to 40 years and
the mainstay of the developing country's economy is small scale industries and
rural agro-based economy. This is contributing to rapid population growth in
developing countries like India.
Low education rate:
Although there are various
initiatives to increase literacy rates in developing countries, the literacy
rate in rural agrarian societies is very low.
In many cases family first generation learners are seen. On the other hand, due to the low rate of
female education, the population is not controlled due to lack of awareness
about family planning, etc., resulting in rapid population growth.
Religious prejudice:
In developing countries, it has been observed
that birth control is a special crime in certain religious communities, so
there is a rapid increase in population in these societies due to lack of birth
control plans.
Universal marriage custom:
In developing countries,
marriage is recognized as a universal custom for social reasons, so every adult
boy or girl quickly enters into marriage for social recognition, indirectly
leading to a gradual increase in population.
Some climates and eating habits:
In countries with tropical
monsoon climates like Bangladesh and India, with the change of seasons, various
fruits and vegetables are produced in large quantities and a favorable climate
is observed for most of the time except a few seasons. Such favorable climate and supply of
protein-rich, carbohydrate-rich foods result in higher birth rates in all these
countries.
Agricultural society and poverty:
In developing countries,
agricultural societies have been created on the basis of manual labor and crops
are produced by family labor instead of more machinery. In this case, for every farming family, one
child means a new worker, so the population is constantly increasing. In all of these cases, childbearing is seen
as one of the means to reduce poverty, resulting in a growing population in
rural societies in developing countries.
Women's education and women's social status:
In most developing countries of
the world like India and Bangladesh, just as there is a lack of education for
women, the social status of girls is much lower than that of men. As a result, social issues are neglected by
the girls and they are employed to take care of the children of the
family. As a result, such an approach is
conducive to population growth.
The desire for a son:
In developing countries, the
desire for a son is seen in all due to the low social status of women. Even if there are two or three daughters in a
family, the desire for a son is not controlled later. As a result, the
population indirectly increases from the desire for a son.
Thus the population in developing countries is growing at an unbridled rate due to various socio-economic, natural or religious reasons. In addition to the above reasons, countries like India are witnessing massive influx of migrants and increasing population for the refugee population from various neighboring countries although this issue of refugees and infiltration is not seen in all developing countries.
Various observations have shown
that the population of the developing countries of the world is growing in
response to various socio-economic, religious and political factors. On the one hand, this growing population puts
pressure on the country's natural resources, and on the other hand, the per
capita income is declining and the quality of life of the people is
declining. Problems are also created in
the much needed basic necessities like food, education, health etc. As a result
all the people are deprived of all services and as a result illiteracy and
prejudice are created in the country in an unhealthy environment.
The following are the regions of
population growth that are seen in developing countries.
1)
Southeast Asia:
China India-Bangladesh Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam etc.
2)
Africa: Algeria Burundi Cameroon Moon Djibouti
Kenya Ghana Morocco etc.
3)
Countries in Latin
America such as: Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, etc.
4)
The continent has
the largest population in Asia since 2000, followed by Africa, Europe, South
America, and North America.
Malthus's theory
of population growth also states that there is an inverse relationship between
population and food supply. According to Robert Malthus, population and food
supply are contradictory. He said that food
supply increases at a normal mathematical rate such as 1-2-3-4 etc. but as the
population increases multiplied by progress such as 1-2-4-8-16, so the food
supply cannot keep pace with the population growth rate which once led to
famine epidemics etc.
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