What is Virus & Bacteria?
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Virus:
The virus is now a very popular
word in the world. Scientist Dr. Genal
first mentioned word virus in 1796 in case of smallpox. The literal meaning of
the word virus is poison. At various
times, scientists have identified tobacco-borne diseases and given preliminary
ideas about the virus. In 1935, the
American scientist Stanley isolated the tobacco mosaic virus from the diseased
leaves of the tobacco plant and was able to crystallize. There have been many studies on viruses at different
times since then, but viruses and bacteria are different from each other.
Features of the virus:
Ø A virus is a type of substance between an organism and an
inert substance that can enter through a tiny pore in a microfilter but
bacteria can’t enter through a tiny pore in a microfilter.
Ø As the virus does not have a cytoplasm, nucleus, or
nuclear substance in its body, the virus is non-cellular.
Ø The body of the virus is made up of nuclei proteins and
the virus is visible only to the electron microscope.
Ø Viruses are completely parasitic and pathogenic.
Ø The virus is only able to reproduce inside the body of
the parasite but outside the parasite the virus behaves like inert matter.
Ø The virus reproduces only through replication. The virus contains either one type of nucleic
acid in the DNA or RNA.
Ø No metabolism is seen in the body of the virus.
Ø Thus a virus is a type of intercellular, pathogenic,
microscopic, interstitial organism made up of nucleic proteins. The properties of inert matter in the body of
the virus are seen. The virus does not have a cytoplasm in its body and has no
ability to move. The virus does not
respond to any external stimuli and no metabolism is observed in the body of
the virus.
Ø The characteristics of the organism of the virus are followed.
The parasite is capable of propagating the virus in its body and the presence
of proteins and nucleic acids in the body of the virus is observed.
Ø Viruses are called interstitial objects because both the
properties of the organism and the substance are present in the virus.
Ø The virus can be present in the entire body of water and
in the air where life is possible.
Ø The presence of the virus can be observed in different
parts of humans and different animals, in vegetables, in the phlegm and feces
of infected patients and in saliva.
Body of virus:
The virus has two main parts in
the body, namely the outer covering of the body or capsid and the covered part
of the capsid is nucleoid.
The outer shell of the virus is
made up of proteins and its main function is to protect the nucleus. Nucleoids are made up of nucleic acids and
the body of the virus contains either one type of nucleic acid, DNA or
RNA. Such as t influenza virus contains RNA.
Viruses that cause disease or
reproduction in plants are called plant viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic
virus and the bin mosaic virus.
On the other hand, viruses that
cause disease and spread in animals are called animal viruses. Such as poliomyelitis virus of polio. Again,
some types of viruses are born in bacteria
that spread in the body and are parasites on the bacteria. Nucleic acids of such viruses, such as
bacteriophages, are DNA in nature.
Bacteria are a type of simple,
tiny unicellular organism. In 1676,
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch native microscope manufacturer, was the first
to prove the existence of bacteria in his own microscope. Later, French scientist Louis Pasteur and
German scientist Robert Kock cited bacteria as the cause of various diseases in
plants and animals through various experiments.
In modern times, bacteria are
considered to belong to a distinct genus called Protista because of their cell
wall-like plant cell wall.
Features of bacteria:
v Bacteria are
the smallest and simplest of the cellular organisms in the organism, whose
nuclei are not well-formed.
v Bacterial cells
have a cell wall.
v Bacterial cells
have no cellular organelles surrounded by a membrane and most bacteria are chlorophyll-free and parasitic in nature.
v Bacteria are
involved in the process of respiration, and most bacteria are involved in the
process of airless respiration.
v Bacterial cells
reproduce in the process of organ reproduction.
v Most bacteria
cause various diseases in the body of plants and animals in the form of
parasites but some types of bacteria in the form of symbiotics do many benefits
to the body of plants and animals.
v Although
bacteria play a major role in causing a variety of diseases, some types of
bacteria play a key role in different types of beneficial bacteria. For example, the bacterium Rhizobium, which
lives in the roots of the genus Symbi, absorbs nitrogen from the air and mixes
it with the soil, which increases the amount of nitrogen in the soil and makes
the soil more fertile.
v E-colai, on the
other hand, synthesizes vitamin B12 in the human intestine
v Bacteria are
able to live in water even in oxygen free environments. Just as bacteria survive at 19 degree C, they
are also able to survive at 75 degree C.
v They are able
to survive at an altitude of twenty thousand feet in the atmosphere and at a
depth of 7 to 8 feet below the ground.
Body of Bacteria:
Bacteria are unicellular and
have a very simple structure. A typical
bacterial cell body consists of a complex membrane and protoplast surrounded by
a membrane. The protoplast of bacteria
is composed mainly of cytoplasm and nuclear material.
Thus bacteria are ubiquitous,
known as microbes, with plant characteristics, primitive nucleated, simple,
unicellular, microscopic organisms
The main differences between viruses and bacteria:
Finally, looking at the main
differences between viruses and bacteria, it is clear that
viruses are interstitial objects but
bacteria is living organisms.
Viruses do not have cytoplasm in
their body and they are non-cellular but bacteria do have cytoplasm and they
are cellular.
Viruses contain any one type of
nucleic acid, but bacterial cells contain both DNA and RNA nucleic acids.
Viruses do not have cell walls and
chromosomes but bacteria do have cell walls and chromosomes.
Viruses are reproductive only within
the parasite but bacteria also outside the bacterial parasite.
Covid-19 virus:
Currently, the covid-19
virus, which is causing panic all over the world, was first observed in Wuhan
province of China. According to experts,
the virus spread directly from various marine animals and then humans to humans
in December 2019, causing the virus to be named Covid-19. According to
experts, the virus, which is made up of RNA and proteins, is constantly able to
change its properties to defend itself, so the virus is called the novel
corona virus. Millions of people
have died from the virus in almost every country in the world today, and there
is a need to use alcohol-based sanitizers, face masks, and social distance to
protect oneself from the virus. Many
countries, such as India, are currently trying to prevent the spread of the
virus by taking various measures through vaccination and lockdown.
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