Disasters of
World: Causes & management Causes of Disasters
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Disaster or hazard refers to
certain events in a region that disrupt normal life in the area, damage life,
health and property, and cause a threat to the environment. According to the definition given by the
United Nations, any event caused by the work of nature and man that causes loss
of life and property, social and economic damage or degradation of the quality
of the environment is called disaster or hazard. The word hazard comes from the Anglo-French
word Hasard, meaning a situation that harms life, health and property, and
creates a fear in the environment.
Disaster, on the other hand, is
a condition where the loss of property due to massive loss of life halts
people's lives for a short or long period of time and leads to the death of
countless people. In fact, the next
stage of the hazard is disaster.
Defining a catastrophe, the
World Health Organization (WHO) says that a catastrophe is a situation where
people are economically devastated on the one hand and lives on the other, and
their lives, including health, have deteriorated so much that unusual help is
needed from outside the affected area.
The United Nations later
recognized the disaster criteria provided by researchers associated with the
University of Colorado. The standard
recognized by the United Nations is that if for any reason 1 million is lost
and more than 100 people are killed and more than 100 are injured, such an
event can be called a disaster.
Although we basically blame
natural disasters for the disaster budget, man-made disasters can be caused by
thousands of reasons, so hazard disasters can be divided into natural, man-made
or semi-natural disasters.
Natural Disasters:
Natural disasters is called when the people's life is halted due to an event caused by a natural and huge
amount of property and loss of life occurs and the socio-economic condition of
the area concerned collapses. In the
aftermath of a natural disaster, it is necessary to declare a state of
emergency in the area concerned so that rescue and relief arrangements can be
made in the affected areas.
Earthquakes:
Sudden earthquakes can cause
catastrophic catastrophes when the Richter scale is greater than 7. Earthquakes have claimed many lives in
various parts of the world, especially in the Pacific coastal areas, and have
severely damaged the natural ecosystems of the region.
Tsunami:
A tsunami is a massive ocean
wave that is often caused by tidal waves or earthquakes or plate movements in
the oceans that hit the coast at a high altitude and about 600 to 800 km per
hour. Countries like India and
Bangladesh, especially in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia, were badly
affected by the December 26, 2004 tsunami.
Volcanic Eruptions:
Magmas in the interior of the
earth often come out of the cracks of the earth and suddenly spread over a wide
area with explosions, and such eruptions result in massive loss of life in the
region. Volcanic eruptions in coastal
areas have caused extensive damage to the relatively thin crust.
Landslides:
Landslides are also a major
natural disaster caused by earthquakes or floods. The erosion of the river bank of the riparian
zone causes extensive damage to the area and loss of human life and property.
Extreme levels of snowfall or
melting of glaciers in temperate regions, such as when a large pile of ice
suddenly descends a steep slope, is called a glacier.
Devastating Cyclone:
Due to the high temperature in
the equatorial regions of the world, low pressure are often formed in different places and later
severe cyclones are formed around this depressions. The effects of such low-pressure cyclones are
to wreak havoc on large areas of vegetation and cause extensive damage to a
large area as a whole.
The devastating cyclone that hit
the coastal region of Orissa on October 29, 1999 is an example of a devastating
cyclone. In the tropics, almost all such
cyclones result in extensive property damage over a wide area. The recent massive cyclone in the Bay of
Bengal on May 26, 2021 is causing extensive damage in the southeastern states
of India and large areas of Bangladesh.
Tornado:
A very strong cyclone on Earth
is a tornado. Almost every year at a
certain time in the Mississippi Basin of the United States, the effects of such
a devastating cyclone for a short period of time cause extensive damage to the
region.
Floods, Droughts, Hailstorms:
In addition, if excess rainfall
causes floods and droughts occur in a region due to prolonged non-rainfall,
there will be massive disasters and the normal socio-economic condition of the
people will deteriorate. It also experiences hailstorms with thunderstorms
during low-pressure. Kalbaishakhi, which causes damage to a wide range of
agricultural crops and other properties in the north east states of India.
Man-made Disaster:
When an event caused by the direct
actions of human beings puts normal public life at risk and causes great loss
of life and property, it is called man-made disaster. In fact, with the advancement of competitive
technology and the advancement of science all over the world, people themselves
are facing catastrophe as a result of various activities.
Radioactive or nuclear Disaster:
Radioactive or nuclear
catastrophe is one of the most talked about issues in the world today. The 1986 Chernobyl accident in Ukraine is one
such example. In addition, due to improper
control of high speed vehicles, various accidents occur and on the other hand,
fuels used in various industries cause air and water pollution which indirectly
causes human havoc.
Wars & Covod-19 Epidemic:
In recent times there has been a
kind of catastrophe all over the world due to small wars between different
states and the Corona(Covod-19) epidemic.
The small-scale wars in the Mediterranean countries have also resulted
in extensive loss of life and property and are examples of human-caused
disasters. Almost every country in the
world is facing huge losses due to the Covod-19 epidemic because the economic
progress of each country has had a huge negative impact on national production
and import-export. In this extreme
situation around the world, different countries must be prepared to deal with disasters.
Management after disaster:
Remedial management in the
aftermath of a disaster is very essential.
In the early stages of disaster
management, it became very important to provide relief along with rescue
work. Relief supplies include adequate
medical supplies, food, and shelter. At
this time it is very important to meet the different needs of the people
including first aid by setting up different camps in the disaster areas.
In the second phase of disaster
management, arrangements have to be made to bring the people of the affected
areas back to normal life through the process of rehabilitation and
reconstruction. In the second phase, the
damaged roads, buildings, electricity connections, drinking water supply, etc.
will have to be repaired and special financial assistance will have to be
provided to the affected families.
Disaster management is a special moral duty of a country or the region
so that the socio-economic situation of the region concerned can be
restored. In developing countries like
India, disaster management policies are adopted from the national level to the
state level, block level and panchayat level, so that the affected area quickly
returns to normal after a disaster.
Natural disasters can be controlled with a lot of forethought and
foresight. At present, different
countries of the world need to be aware of the various man-made disasters and
the governments of the countries concerned need to take positive steps.
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