Petroleum: Growing importance & ways to conservation
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Petroleum is one of the major carriers and drivers of civilization in the world today. According to scientists, this petroleum has created by various processes, organic and inorganic, which is limited to a few regions of the world. The word petroleum comes from the Latin words petra and olium which means rock oil.
According to most scientists, billions of years ago, dead bodies were buried in sedimentary rock layers where petroleum was later created by constant pressure, heat and chemical changes. According to some Russian scientists, the origin of mineral oil is due to the chemical reaction of carbide and water stored in the rock.
Petroleum contains chemical compounds such as 85 percent(aprox) carbon and 15 percent hydrogen particles. Petroleum may contain paraffin or asphalt, but paraffin-containing petroleum is of excellent quality.
At present, the world has an estimated 14 trillion metric tons of petroleum stored. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and other countries in the Middle East play a significant role in petroleum production. On the other hand, the United States, Canada, Mexico and Venezuela play a significant role in the production of mineral oil in Western region. Russia, Ukraine, Romania and other European countries play a leading role in petroleum production. Special observations show that Middle Eastern countries have about 65 percent of the world's oil reserves, and that Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil producer. There are also significant oil reserves in Iraq, Iran, and the United States and Russia.
As petroleum is a stored resource, it is likely to finish of resources in the future, so the world's human beings should give enough importance to ways to conserve petroleum in response to the growing demand for petroleum. The use of petroleum has multiplied in many industrialized countries of the world, including Asia, America and Europe, resulting in a crisis in the international oil market. Different countries in Africa and Asia have been influenced in the international market to make adequate use of petroleum and petroleum by-products in different ways.
The industrialized and rich countries of the world import large quantities of mineral oil and the current price of oil in the international market often does not touch the economic boundaries of these countries. But the price of petroleum has a significant impact on the national economies of the world's least developed countries. During the Iraq and Kuwait wars in the Middle East in 1990, the rise in petroleum prices around the world had a profound effect on various countries in Southeast Asia, including India and Bangladesh, and various countries in Africa.
The United States is a special country in the international trade of petroleum because it imports a lot of petroleum on the one hand and has the ability to export petroleum on the other. Petroleum imports and exports are often linked to international politics, but OPEC and OAPEC play an important role in determining petroleum imports and exports.
Various ways for petroleum conservation:
In order to meet the growing demand for petroleum, there are various ways to look at petroleum conservation.
Petroleum exploration requires extensive survey of the ocean floor and in this case petroleum exploration should be arranged with the help of advanced technology through remote sensing or gravity anomaly survey.
The use of GIS and advanced computers has increased significantly in the world today, so in the case of petroleum extraction, efforts have to be made to increase the production of oil mines in all these advanced methods.
With the advancement of science and technology, the production of solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, etc. has started, so it is necessary to use more of these unconventional energy instead of petroleum as much as possible.
As a result of modern observations, emphasis has to be placed on the use of alternative producers of petroleum are Tar sand, Oil sand etc, Therefore we should improve these types of products in the production of petroleum by advanced technology.
Petroleum-powered engines need to be further improved through advanced technology to increase their efficiency, that is, to be able to do more in petroleum.
Petroleum mines need to be made much more modern and risk-free through advanced technology to increase petroleum production and reduce waste.
After extracting petroleum from the mine, refining should be done in an improved manner so that petroleum can be made more efficient by reducing the wastage of petroleum.
In conclusion, despite the fact that petroleum is one of the drivers of the present civilization, since the core of the world is in the hands of human beings, we can save petroleum for the next generation through well thought out and scientific strategies by preventing wastage of petroleum and increasing use of alternative fuels.
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