West Bengal(Paschimbanga): Updated Information At A Glance

 

West Bengal(Paschimbanga): Updated  Information  At A Glance  

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West Bengal is a state of India, located on east side of India.  India currently has 29 states and seven union territories.  Before India became independent in1947, Bangladesh and West Bengal were together. At the time of independence, West Bengal had only 14 districts. Later, West Bengal was politically reorganized at different times.  West Bengal is now established as an important state in India through proper initiative, sincerity and infrastructure at different times.  Vidyasagar, Bankimchandra, Rammahan Roy, Ramakrishna, Vivekananda and Rabindranath,Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose,& a lot of famous personality were born in this Bengal.  The Bengali personality has a special significance in the history of India and the world, so Gopalakrishna Gokhale said that -what Bengal thinks today, tomorrow India and then the whole world will think. 

Bengal came under the control of the Sultan of Delhi in the late 12th century during the Pala and Sen periods. Bengal became independent after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707.   Then Bengal conquered in 1756 by sirajadulla and later in 1757 Mir Qasim, the general of Siraj, ascended the throne in the conspiracy of Lord Clive at Palashi.  Then Mir Qasim was defeated in the Battle of Boxer in 1764 and the rule of Bengal passed to the British. In 1854, the East India Company began to rule Bengal under British rule.  Bengal Bihar and Orissa are the provinces of Bengal created by the British.  The partition of Bengal was later led by Lord Curzon in 1905, although the partition was later abolished.

After the independence of India in 1947 through various blows and revolutions, Bengal became independent. At that time, Bengal got the name of West Bengal and Bihar and Orissa got the status of separate states. 

It is seen that the National Congress took over the rule of Bengal and later the Marxist Communist Party of India came under its influence and West Bengal was ruled for almost three decades under the leadership of Chief Minister Hon'ble Jyoti Basu and then under the leadership of Chief Minister Hon'ble Buddhadeb Bhattacharya.  Then in 2011 the three-decade long rule of Jyoti Basu under the leadership of Mamata Banerjee, the leader of the All India Trinamool Congress, came to an end and West Bengal has been ruled by Hon'ble Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee.  Note that after 2011 Mamata Banerjee formed the government of West Bengal in 2016 and then again in 2021.

 It is to be noted that the name of West Bengal is West Bengal in English, so all administrative work at the national level was done by the name  West Bengal. To observe the level , Hon'ble Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee replaced the name West Bengal by new name “Paschimbanga” in 2011 for its advantages in national level administrative work.

It may be noted that the Darjeeling Hill Tracts Council was established in 1988 with 3 hill subdivisions of Darjeeling district. In 2012 G.T.A formed under jurisdiction of West Bengal and Central Government.

  Geographically, the Tropic of Cancer is located in the tropical zone of West Bengal.  Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan are located on the international border of West Bengal.  West Bengal is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the south, Bangladesh and Assam to the north, Bhutan and Sikkim to the north, Nepal to the northwest and Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa to the west.  West Bengal is the only state in India with the Himalayas in the north and the Bay of Bengal in the south, hence the term Assamudramachal is used in the case of West Bengal. 

West Bengal is 14th in India in terms of area , 4th in India in terms of population and second in India in terms of population density.  Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, is the third largest city in India. 

West Bengal currently has 23 districts, 5 divisions, 66 sub-divisions, 341 blocks, 118 municipalities and 7 municipal corporation cities.  It may be mentioned here that in January 2021, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee re-declared Sundarbans and Basirhat as two new districts.

 The five divisions of West Bengal are Presidency Division, Burdwan Division, Jalpaiguri Division, Medinipur Division and Malda Division. 

According to the 2011 census of West Bengal, the population was around 913(9 Crore 13 Laks+) million but now the population is around 11(11 Crore) million.  The total area of ​​West Bengal is 88,752 sq km.  The literacy rate in this state is about 72 percent and male literacy is about 78 percent and female literacy is 61 percent.  West Bengal has the highest literacy rate in East Midnapore district and the lowest in Jalpaiguri district. 

According to 2011 statistics, West Midnapore is the largest district in West Bengal and Kolkata is the smallest.  Kolkata has the highest population density and Jalpaiguri has the lowest population density.

At a glance, some  special information about West Bengal: 

v      To the north of West Bengal, Sandakafu is the highest peak in West Bengal.

v       Bhagirathi and Hughli, the main river of West Bengal, the section from Dhulian to Navadwip is called   Bhagirathi and the section from Navadwip to the Gangasagar is called Hugli.

v      Teesta is the river of terror in North Bengal and Damodar is the river of sorrow in West Bengal.

v      The Damodar Plan is part of the Multipurpose River Plan and the Maithon and Panchet Reservoirs are   part of the Damodar Plan.  Most of the dams in West Bengal have been constructed for the purpose of     irrigation and flood control.

       Most of the rainfall in West Bengal is caused by monsoon winds, but cyclones in the coastal areas       cause heavy rainfall.

v         Purulia is the driest district in West Bengal.

v         The climate in Darjeeling is cool and temperate due to its high altitude.  T

v         The coastal climate of Digha along the coast of West Bengal is soft & moderate for the sea air and          land   air at coast of West Bengal.

v            Most of the plants in the hilly region of  Bengal are Saralbargio and the plants in the Terai and               Dwars are evergreen.

v           Due to the effect of saline water, the plants of the Sundarbans region are mangroves.

v        The Gangetic delta region of West Bengal produces a lot of paddy and Burdwan district is called the        paddy reserve of West Bengal for higher paddy production.  A rice research center is located at           Chunchura in Hooghly district.

v            In jute production, West Bengal is the first state in India to produce a lot of jute in Nadia,               Murshidabad and Dinajpur districts.  Barrackpore is the main jute research center in India.

v        Darjeeling Tea of West Bengal is the second largest tea producer in India.   Tea Auction Centers     located in Kolkata and Siliguri.

v        Coal is the main mineral of the state. The main coal mining center of the state is located at Raniganj.

v         Farakka NTPC operated thermal power plant in West Bengal.  There is no thermal power plant in          North Bengal but the Lower Teesta Hydropower Plant is the only power plant in North Bengal. There     is also a pump storage hydropower plant in the Ayodhya hills.

v       Jute Industry The main industry of the state is located on the banks of the river Hooghly.  Durgapur        and Banpur- Kulti are two iron and steel industries in West Bengal. These two steel centers are part of     the Steel Authority of India.

v       Electric locomotive engines are manufactured at Chittaranjan and it is one of the largest factories in        India.

v       Oil refineries and petrochemical industries have sprung up in Haldia, mainly on the basis of imported    mineral oil.

v      Most of the rice mills in West Bengal are located in Hooghly district of Burdwan.

v        Dunkuni, Mother Dairy is one of the largest dairy projects in West Bengal.

v        Weaving is one of the cottage industries of West Bengal and also the pottery industry of Krishnanagar     is world famous.

v        Howrah It is called Sheffield in India because of its numerous Indian engineering centers.

v          International standard badminton shuttlecocks are made at Uluberia, Howrah.

v          Darjeeling is the Queen of the Himalayas, the Toy Trains, Tree Garden and Tiger Hill.

v          The Troy Train in Darjeeling is included in the World Heritage Site.

v         There are several warm springs at Bakkeshwar.

v           Gangani is called the Grand Canyon of Bengal.

v          The Sundarbans is a national park and tiger project as well as a biosphere reserve forest.

v           Garumara National Park is famous for wild elephants, linos and bison.

v             Buxa is a tiger project and Jaldapara National Park is famous for wild elephants and linos.            Jaldapara is famous for its conservation of linos and elephants.

v        Rosikbil is the aviary of Kochbihar and Kulik is the most famous aviary.  Sajanekhali is a bird             sanctuary in the Sundarbans.

v      There is a Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan with many memories of Rabindranath Tagore.

v       Bishnupur is the “Temple City” for the famous terracotta temple.

v       Furfura Sharif is a special pilgrimage center for Muslims.

v        Jagadhatri Puja of Chandannagar, Poush Mela of Santiniketan, Sagar Mela of the coastal district and       Durga Puja  are special festivals of West Bengal.

v        Kolkata is the “City of palaces” and it is also called the “City of Processions”.

v         Siliguri is the gateway to West Bengal and East India.  One of the lion rhinos of Jaldapara Sanctuary      is world famous.

v        Darjeeling district is called the Crown of West Bengal.

v        The hottest place in West Bengal is Asansol and the wettest area is Buxa Duar in Alipurduar.

         

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