Election & Democracy & India
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Election Process in
India is one of the largest democracies Process
in the world. The constitution of
this country is the largest written and complex constitution in the world which
has been written by Dr. B.R Ahamadkar following the constitutions of different
countries of the world. According to the
Constitution, India is a sovereign socialist, secular and democratic
state. One of the special processes of
this democracy is the election process.
All the people above the age of 18 years in India form the central
government of the country by vote and the people of the states form the state
government.
On the other hand, the people of
a village or a block or a district elect the village head, block president and
district president respectively. In
other words, in recognition of democracy, every people of the country elects
their leader and through that leader different governments of the country are
formed and through this government the laws of the country are made,
socio-economic development plan of the country is made. so election process is
a very important democratic process for any democracy.
In India, the various electoral processes are
conducted through the National Election Commission. The Election Commission is
an autonomous body and under the Law and Justice Department of the Government
of India. According to the Indian
Constitution, the country will have a central government on one side and state
governments of different states on the other, and these two governments will
govern the country jointly.
The central government of the
country is formed through the Lok Sabha vote and the prime minister of that
government has the main executive power in the country, while the state
government of a state is formed through the assembly vote and the chief
minister of this government acts as the main executive ruler of that
state.
However, it should be noted that
in the case of the Central Government, the Constitutional Head is the President
and in the case of the State Government, the Constitutional Head is the
Governor of that State. According to the
Indian Constitution, the state government formed by the Legislative Assembly
has the power to change the laws of different states and state laws in the same
way that the Cabinet elected by the Lok Sabha has the power to make or amend
laws through the Central Legislative Assembly.
It is pertinent to mention here that in case
of any discrepancy or inconsistency between the Central and State Acts in the
matters jointly listed under Section 254, the Central Act shall prevail.
The central legislature of the country has two
chambers namely the upper house and the lower house, the lower house of the
central legislature is the Lok Sabha and
the upper house is the Rajya Sabha. The
current number of members of Parliament is 545 and the number of members of
Rajya Sabha is 250.
Through. There are basically
three types of election in India, namely Lok Sabha vote, Assembly vote, and
Panchayat or Municipal Corporation vote.
The
Lok Sabha(Parlament) Election:
The Lok Sabha Election
directly forms the central government of
the country and through this vote the Prime Minister of the country is
elected. The central government is
directly involved in various socio-economic policies and various public welfare
activities of the country. At present
the country has 29 states and seven union territories. The total number of Lok
Sabha seats in the country is 545. The number of Lok Sabha seats varies
according to the population of each state as in the case of West Bengal there
are 42 Lok Sabha seats. Hooghly Lok
Sabha constituency, East Burdwan Lok Sabha constituency is example of the Lok
Sabha seats through which a Member of Parliament or MP is elected. The Lok Sabha Election is especially important for the
election of the Prime Minister and the Central Government of the country. It is through this Election that the elected
government forms the central
legislature which has
the power to make various laws and amend the constitution of the country. The law made by this central legislature has
to be followed by every court of the country starting from the apex court of
the country because the judiciary and the administration are separate from each
other, in this case the judiciary has to abide by the law of the central
legislature.
Not only this, the central
government plays a key role in determining the appointment of the President,
Vice President, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Governor, Planning Commission, so the
overall context of the country, the Lok Sabha vote is of special importance.
Bidhan Sabha(Assembly)
Election:
Just as the Indian Constitution calls for the formation
of a central government through a Lok Sabha Election , it also calls for the
formation of a state government through an Assembly Election. These governments, such as the Government of
West Bengal, the Government of Bihar, etc, are in charge of the governance and
law and order of a state. The state
government and the chief minister of the state, are elected by assembly Election
form the state legislature. This state legislature
makes laws for a state or region of that
state and changes any law if necessary.
The number of assembly seats in different states varies, as there are
294 assembly seats in West Bengal. This number is much higher in a large assembly
in Uttar Pradesh.
Therefore, since the Central and
various state governments have the power to make various developmental works
and laws for the benefit of the people, every citizen should participate in the
election process for the overall development of the country because not
directly but indirectly.
According to the Indian Constitution, there is talk of a panchayat system to establish rural autonomy. There are three levels of this panchayat system, namely the name of the main ruler of the gram panchayat is Gram Pradhan, the name of the head of the Panchayat Samiti is Block President/ the region president, the Zila Parishad whose head is the district president. Each state has a three-tier panchayat system, so the panchayat vote is held to elect the main leader of the three tiers.
Municipal
Election:
Municipal Elections are taken to conduct local
administrative work in government-declared municipal cities or municipal areas
through which councilors and chairpersons are elected.
So the election process as one
of the hallmarks of democracy is an integral part of Indian democracy through
which every people has the opportunity to elect their own ruler or leader and
that leader makes different laws for the people and participates in different
affairs of the country or region. the special need to exercise the right to vote
for every citizen in any Lok Sabha, assembly or panchayat or municipal Election
.
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